Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
5121 => 5 1 2 1
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 1 => 4
1 to 2 => 1
2 to 1 => 1
1 to 5 => 4
Step 3: Convert distances to codes (0=E[qual],
1 & 9 = C[onsecutive], 2-8 = N[one]):
4 => N
1 => C
1 => C
4 => N
Step 4: Combine the filters to a string:
N C C N = NCCN